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Rate Of Legal Cannabis Buyers Continues To Increase In Uruguay

Written by Hazel Norman on . Posted in Business, Policy.

Uruguay became the first nation on earth to adopt a national adult-use cannabis legalization law back in 2013. The first legal recreational sales were launched in registered pharmacies in Uruguay in 2017. Since that time, the number of adults making legal purchases in Uruguay has increased considerably.

“The number of legal marijuana buyers rose to some 102,156 people over the course of last year, boosted by the market debut of the Epsilon variant, which has a higher THC content (20%), and was in high demand.” reported Ambito.

“The new, more potent variant debuted in October, and in the following two months alone, a total of 359 kilos were sold in pharmacies, more than what had been sold up to that point of Alpha or Beta, according to data provided by the Institute for the Regulation and Control of Cannabis (IRCCA).” the media outlet also reported in its local coverage.

When legal sales at pharmacies began in Uruguay in the summer of 2017, consumers could initially choose from two different strains. The two strains are named ‘Alpha’ and ‘Beta’, each with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels equal to or less than 9%, and cannabidiol (CBD) levels equal to or less than 3%.

Then, in 2022, Uruguay permitted a third option, ‘Gamma,’ which has a THC level of equal to or less than 15%, and CBD levels of equal to or less than 1%. Regulators in Uruguay then approved a fourth option that contains a higher level of THC than the other three options.

“The new variant has a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of equal to or less than 20% and a cannabidiol (CBD) content of equal to or less than 1%.” stated Latin America Reports in its local coverage at the time of the strain’s launch.

Currently, 74,583 adult consumers are reportedly registered to make legal recreational cannabis purchases from Uruguay’s 40 authorized pharmacies making sales. Additionally, a reported 15,796 adults are members of 460 cannabis clubs registered in Uruguay, and another 11,597 adults reportedly cultivate legal plants in their homes.

Uruguay’s legal cannabis companies exported over $3 million worth of medical cannabis products in the last year to such nations as Germany, Portugal, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Uruguay’s export data is part of a report recently published by the Uruguay XXI Institute.

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Legal Cannabis Cultivators Call For Adult-Use Legalization In Morocco

Written by Hazel Norman on . Posted in Policy.

Legal cannabis cultivators and advocates in Morocco are urging the nation’s lawmakers to adopt recreational cannabis legalization. Morocco first adopted its current medical cannabis policy in 2021, with ten entities receiving permits to legally cultivate cannabis in late 2022. The number of legal cultivators has increased exponentially since 2022.

“Growers and activists say legalizing recreational and traditional cannabis use could ease market pressures while bringing economic benefits.” reported Newsweed in its original coverage. “Such measures could not only boost domestic sales, but also attract tourists, especially as Morocco prepares to host the 2030 FIFA World Cup.”

According to the National Agency for the Regulation of Cannabis-related Activities (ANRAC), Morocco issued 2,837 authorizations to 2,659 farmers in 2024, up from 430 authorizations in 2023.

Additionally, regulators in Morocco issued 60 authorizations for processing, 49 for marketing, 39 for exports, and 24 for seed imports. The increase in authorizations in 2024 demonstrated the growth of Morocco’s emerging legal cannabis industry.

ANRAC Director General Mohamed El Guerrouj recently announced at an annual board meeting that the nation’s emerging legal cannabis industry produced thousands of tons of cannabis last year.

“In 2024, approximately 4,000 tons of cannabis were produced over an area of 2,169 hectares,” ANRAC Director General Mohamed El Guerrouj stated about Morocco’s legal cannabis industry according to local reporting by APA News. “No infractions related to non-compliance were recorded.”

The climate in parts of Morocco is well-suited for large-scale cannabis production, which is why the North African nation has long served as a leading source of unregulated cannabis, particularly as a source for the European market.

Currently, cannabis is legal for adult use in Uruguay, Canada, Malta, Luxembourg, Germany, and South Africa. Additionally, nearly five dozen countries have adopted medical cannabis legalization policies to some degree.

Germany Bundestag Parliament

Where Do Germany’s Political Parties Currently Stand On Cannabis Policy?

Written by Johnny Green on . Posted in Policy.

Germany’s president previously announced the dissolution of the lower house of parliament. Chancellor Olaf Scholz also lost a confidence vote in December, paving the way for an early election on February 23, 2025.

As the German Cannabis Business Association (BvCW) pointed out in its recent newsletter, the federal election in Germany next month could prove to be “decisive for the future of cannabis legalization in Germany.” Below is a summary of where each major political party stands on cannabis policy in Germany according to BvCW:

  • The CDU/CSU are strictly opposed to legalization and have announced that they will reverse the law if they win the election. They see the current law as a failure that neither limits consumption nor curbs the black market.
  • The SPD wants to stick to the current cannabis law and decided last weekend to also take the necessary steps for legalization in line with European law.
  • The Greens are striving to expand the law and establish licensed specialist shops.
  • FDP is committed to complete legalization and calls for education to ensure responsible consumption.
  • AfD rejects legalization and wants to reverse it immediately. It relies on offers of help for abstinence and emphasizes health policy concerns.
  • The Left is calling for further legalization. It is calling for a general rethink in drug policy and wants to promote prevention and regulate advertising for drugs such as alcohol and tobacco more strictly.

Starting on April 1st, 2024, cannabis possession and cultivation by adults became legal in Germany. Then, starting on July 1st, 2024, people in Germany could start applying to launch cultivation associations. The two components combine to make up ‘Pillar 1’ of Germany’s legalization model.

‘Pillar 2’ of Germany’s legalization model involves launching regional adult-use cannabis commerce pilot trials. The pilot trials serve as local recreational cannabis commerce research projects to help lawmakers and regulators gain data and insight to help when crafting national laws and regulations.

For further analysis of Germany’s upcoming elections and how cannabis policy may be affected, check out the International Cannabis Business Conference’s recent conversation with leading international attorney Peter Homberg of gunnercooke.

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High Tide Enters German Medical Cannabis Market Via Acquisition Of Purecan GmbH

Written by Johnny Green on . Posted in Business.

High Tide, a leading community-grown, retail-forward cannabis enterprise, has officially entered the medical cannabis market in Germany through a deal with Purcan GmbH. High Tide’s acquisition will give the company a majority stake in Purecan’s operations, German import license, warehousing and logistics infrastructure, and in-development telemedicine portal.

“High Tide intends to leverage its Canadian Licensed cannabis procurement expertise, built on over $1.5 billion of the Company’s cumulative cannabis sales since Canadian cannabis legalization, to build a significant, market-leading German medical cannabis business unit.” the company stated in a news release.

“With German medical cannabis sales increasing rapidly after the adoption of the Consumer Cannabis Act this past April, this acquisition provides a base for the Company to expand into other European medical cannabis markets in due course.” the company also stated.

Lawmakers in Germany adopted the first provisions of the nation’s new adult-use cannabis legalization model on April 1st, 2024, with cultivation association provisions launching in Germany on July 1st, 2024. Medical cannabis was first legalized in Germany in 2017.

“I am thrilled to announce that High Tide is taking a significant step towards becoming a truly global cannabis company. By acquiring a 51% stake in Purecan, including its European wholesale and import license, its fully built warehousing and logistics infrastructure, and in-development telemedicine platform, we are strategically positioned to leverage our robust networks and relationships with Canadian licensed producers. With almost half of all German medical cannabis imports coming from Canada, this acquisition paves the way for us to emerge as a leading supplier of medical cannabis from Canada into Germany, potentially replicating our market share success in Canada.” said Raj Grover, Founder and Chief Executive Officer of High Tide.

“As I’ve said before, our German strategy is multipronged. This highly accretive acquisition provides immediate market entry into Germany while we explore opportunities for consumer research in collaboration with the Food and Drug Agency, aligning with the ordinance recently signed by Germany’s Agriculture Minister,” he also said.

“In addition to capitalizing on Germany’s rapidly expanding medical cannabis market, the Purecan acquisition brings a company with strong cultural and operational alignment into the High Tide family. This alignment has been reinforced through months of in-depth collaboration and is reflected in Purecan’s impressive financials, high margins, and lean operations. We anticipate this business unit will deliver a healthy margin profile, further strengthening our existing Canadian and international business lines,” added Mr. Grover.

“Since our very first meeting with Raj and the High Tide team a few months ago, it became apparent to us that there were significant cultural and operational alignments between our companies. Given that demand for medical cannabis in Germany is currently outpacing supply, this merger provides Purecan with a unique opportunity to tap into High Tide’s unmatched procurement expertise and relationships with Canadian licensed producers who currently provide half of all medical cannabis imports into Germany. We look forward to a fruitful partnership between our two teams to create long-term value for all stakeholders involved,” said Dr. Ehsan Omari, Chief Medical Officer, Purecan GmbH.

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Czechia To Start Regulating Low-THC Cannabis This Year

Written by Johnny Green on . Posted in Business, Policy.

Starting in July of this year, the Czech Republic will regulate sales of cannabis containing up to one percent THC. The public policy change will also involve permitting regulated sales of kratom.

“The regulation focuses on substances deemed to pose low public health and social risks based on current scientific evidence. These include Kratom and kratom extracts, known for their stimulant and pain-relieving effects; cannabis with up to 1 percent THC, a low-potency form of cannabis with minimal psychoactive effects.” reported Expats CZ in its local coverage.

“Cannabis extracts and tinctures with up to 1 percent THC are also included.” Expats CZ also reported. Low-THC cannabis products will be permitted to be sold in licensed stores starting this summer in Czechia, although certain forms of commerce such as automated vending machines remain prohibited.

Additionally, starting on April 1, 2025, general practitioners (GPs) in the Czech Republic will be authorized to prescribe medical cannabis to suffering patients. The policy change is a result of a new decree from the nation’s Ministry of Health.

“The decree allows GPs to prescribe medicinal cannabis for chronic, intractable pain,” Ministry spokesperson Ondřej Jakob previously said according to local reporting by Prague Morning (translated from Czech to English).

Medical cannabis was first legalized in Czechia in 2013, however, only specialists can currently prescribe it resulting in roughly 8,000 patients receiving legal access. There is also a push in Czechia for wider adult-use cannabis legalization. However, that effort must clear various political hurdles before reaching the finish line and becoming law.

The Czech Republic’s cabinet approved a plan late last year that would permit adults in the European nation to cultivate multiple plants in their private residences and possess a personal amount of cannabis.

The plan, which would legalize the cultivation of up to three cannabis plants and set a maximum possession limit of 50 grams of cannabis, was originally introduced by the Czech Republic’s Ministry of Justice back in September 2024. The plan does not go far enough according to members of the Czech Pirate Party.

Cannabis advocates in Czechia are urging lawmakers to modernize the nation’s cannabis policies in a more comprehensive manner. More information about their proposal can be found at: www.racionalniregulace.cz.

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Spanish Researchers Find CBD Does Not Impair Driving Performance

Written by Frank Schuler on . Posted in Science.

The use of cannabidiol (CBD) is becoming more common around the world as more CBD-focused research is conducted and more becomes known about the popular cannabinoid. That is paralleled by innovative entrepreneurs developing CBD products for consumers and patients at an increasing rate.

One question that has lingered in recent years is whether or not CBD products are associated with changes in driving performance. The ‘terror on the roadways’ talking point is used early and often by cannabis opponents wherever cannabis policy modernization efforts are proposed.

A team of researchers in Spain recently conducted a study in which they examined the use of CBD and observed whether or not it induced driving impairment in subjects who consumed CBD. Below is information about the findings of the study via a news release from NORML:

Granada, Spain: Subjects exhibit no significant changes in their driving performance following the use of CBD, according to clinical trial data published in the journal Addiction.

A team of Spanish investigators assessed participants’ simulated driving performance after inhaling CBD or a placebo.

Subjects displayed “no statistically significant changes in overall driving performance score” after vaporizing products containing either 15 percent or 30 percent CBD. Further, researchers identified “no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes, such as the standard deviation of lateral lane position, distance travelled outside the lane, reaction time, or collisions.” Subjects’ visual functions were also largely unaffected following CBD administration.

The study’s authors concluded: “The results of this study suggest that vaporized CBD seems to be a safe substance for visual function and vision-dependent tasks such as driving. Further studies are needed to ascertain if higher doses of CBD could pose a risk.”

A 2022 Swiss study similarly reported that the oral administration of up to 1500 mg of CBD does not induce changes in simulated driving performance. Another study also reported that subjects who inhale high-CBD/low-THC botanical cannabis do not experience any decrease in their driving abilities.

Full text of the study, “Visual function and vehicle driving performance under the effects of cannabidiol: A randomized cross-over experiment,” appears in Addiction. Additional information on cannabis and driving is available from the NORML Fact Sheet, ‘Marijuana and Psychomotor Performance.’

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Canadian Legalization Not Associated With Increase In Work Hour Use

Written by Frank Schuler on . Posted in Policy.

Canada adopted a national adult-use cannabis legalization measure in 2018. Leading up to the adoption of the measure, many cannabis opponents predicted that, among other things, legalization would lead to more people being under the influence of cannabis at their jobs.

As with alcohol use, adults should be able to consume cannabis off the clock as long as they are doing so responsibly. Furthermore, just because someone has metabolized cannabinoids in their system does not automatically mean that they are impaired.

Researchers in Canada recently examined data from before and after legalization took effect in Canada, and determined that there is no association between legalization and an increase in on-the-clock cannabis use. Below is more information about the study via a news release from NORML:

Toronto, Canada: Marijuana legalization is not associated with an uptick in the percentage of employees consuming cannabis either during or prior to work, according to data provided in a briefing paper by the non-profit research organization Institute for Work & Health.

Researchers with the group assessed workers’ attitudes and behaviors toward cannabis following Canada’s adoption of adult-use marijuana legalization. (The Canadian government legalized retail cannabis sales for those 18 or older in 2018.) Investigators reported “no change in workers’ consumption of cannabis before or at work” during the years surveyed.

Consistent with prior studies, researchers acknowledged that those who reported consuming cannabis products while away from their jobs possessed no greater risk of occupational injury than those who abstained. By contrast, employees who reported using cannabis during work hours possessed a nearly two-fold increased risk of accident compared to those who did not.

“These findings underscore the importance of distinguishing cannabis use at work from cannabis off work,” the paper’s authors concluded. “Rather than considering any cannabis use as an occupational safety risk, workplaces need to reframe their focus to use that is likely to lead to impairment at work and craft policies that center on preventing and managing impairment, as well as fitness for duty.”

Most workplace drug testing policies rely on urinalysis screening, which detects the presence of the inert metabolite carboxy-THC. This metabolite remains present in urine for days, weeks, or even months after past use – long after any psychoactive effects of the drug have worn off.

By contrast, blood tests detect the presence of THC, cannabis’ primary psychoactive agent. However, THC is also fat-soluble. As a result, it may also remain detectable for several days following past exposure.

NORML has repeatedly argued that employers should not presume that the detection of either THC or its primary metabolite is evidence of impairment. Rather, NORML has called for the expanded use of performance-based tests, like DRUID or Predictive Safety’s AlertMeter.

Lawmakers in several states – including California and New York – have recently amended their employment laws so that most public employers may no longer terminate workers solely based on a positive drug test for the presence of THC metabolites.

The full text of the briefing paper, “Cannabis use by workers before and after legalization in Canada,” is available online. Additional information is available from the NORML Fact Sheet, ‘Marijuana Legalization and Impact on the Workplace.’

 

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Medical Cannabis Prescriptions Are Decreasing In Poland

Written by Hazel Norman on . Posted in Policy.

Medical cannabis reform was implemented in Poland in 2017, and as of November 2022, the nation’s doctors were approving roughly 3,000 medical cannabis patients a month. After years of an increasing medical cannabis patient base, Poland’s medical cannabis approvals are reportedly declining.

“New regulations in Poland require in-person doctor visits for medical cannabis prescriptions, leading to a sharp drop from 68,000 in October 2024 to 28,000 by December.” reported Born2Invest in its original coverage.

“This change is not surprising at all, because medical cannabis was largely used not for treatment, but for recreation. The new regulations limit this phenomenon,” commented Jakub Kosikowski, spokesman for the Supreme Medical Chamber, according to Born2Invest.

While medical cannabis policy in Poland appears to be backtracking, there is an effort to modernize the nation’s adult-use policies. In November 2024, a legislative committee in Poland sent a cannabis reform proposal to Prime Minister Donald Tusk for his consideration.

Members of the Polish Parliamentary Committee on Petitions moved forward with the proposal which would decriminalize up to 15 grams of cannabis for personal use by adults in addition to decriminalizing home cultivation of one plant. However, the measure still has additional political hurdles before becoming law.

Currently, nearly five dozen countries around the world have adopted medical cannabis legalization to some degree, and Uruguay, Canada, Malta, Luxembourg, Germany, and South Africa have adopted national adult-use legalization measures.

Peter Homberg International Cannabis Business Conference Berlin 2023

Legal Cannabis Expert Peter Homberg Moves to gunnercooke

Written by Johnny Green on . Posted in Business, Policy, Science.

Renowned international cannabis policy and industry expert Peter Homberg recently announced that after 12 years at Dentons, he is joining international law firm gunnercooke.

“I’m excited to offer my clients truly exceptional service, leveraging gunnercooke’s flexibility, innovation, and collaborative culture to support them closely through their legal challenges, while also shaping and expanding my practice in a direction I’m passionate about.” Peter Homberg stated in a LinkedIn post over the weekend.

Mr. Homberg specializes in life sciences, IP and corporate law, and M&A transactions. Few people on the planet, if any, possess the extensive experience in advising on medical cannabis compliance as Peter Homberg.

gunnercooke is one of the fastest growing international law firms and has offices in the United States, Germany, CEE, Austria, Scotland, and England. The firm is a team of more than 500 professionals and has a client roster that includes Nike, Mercedes, Lidl, Santander and DHL.

Peter Homberg’s awards and recognitions are numerous, and rightfully so. Peter Homberg was already highlighted by Chambers Europe in 2014 as “a brilliant negotiator” who “has huge experience with biotech companies and is really goal driven.”

JUVE Handbook German Commercial Law Firms, mentioned Peter Homberg in 2015/2016 as a highly recommended practitioner. The international directory Best Lawyers ranked him among the best lawyers for Health Care Law and Pharmaceuticals Law in Germany. Global Law Experts (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018), Legal 100 (2021, 2022, 2023), and Leaders in Law (2020,2021) honored Peter Homberg as “Life Sciences Lawyer of the Year in Germany.”

He is a prolific speaker at cannabis industry and policy seminars and conferences, including being a long-time presenter at International Cannabis Business Conference events, and is the author of numerous articles and other publications on corporate and IP law in the areas of life sciences and medical cannabis.

Peter’s new position at gunnercooke will afford him more freedom and flexibility to focus on cannabis policy, industry, and education, as well as to further pursue his passion for life sciences. Medical cannabis and life sciences involve considerable overlap, but also have their own unique facets separate from each other.

I reached out to Peter Homberg this week to discuss his new endeavor and to pick his brain about what to expect in 2025 for German cannabis and the wider European cannabis industry.

“I am very excited about the recent career change.” Peter Homberg told me about his transition to gunnercooke. “I will be able to continue my work in the fields of cannabis and life sciences, and for cannabis specifically, I will be better suited to focus more on it as the industry continues to expand in Germany and in Europe.”

Peter Homberg is a tremendous resource and figure in the cannabis world, helping educate lawmakers and industry members from around the world about important cannabis matters. The significance of his advocacy is beyond measure in my opinion, and I was very happy to learn that not only will he continue his work in this area now that he is a part of gunnercooke, but he will also have more flexibility than ever to do so, including contributing more to Cannabis Law Journal.

“In my new position, I will continue to be an advocate for medical cannabis policy modernization and industry regulation, and for sensible adult-use cannabis reform.” Homberg stated to me in our discussion.

Homberg pointed out that prohibition does not bring humanity further along, and that it is a failed public policy that does not properly prioritize public health outcomes. He indicated that licensed and regulated cannabis shops are needed in Germany and throughout Europe to sufficiently combat the unregulated market.

“Pilot projects are the logical next step in Germany and in Europe and are needed as a steppingstone towards something more comprehensive. It is important that we gather the right data and use it to go to the European Commission to prove that wider regulated cannabis sales are the best way forward.” Homberg stated.

A topic that was prominent in our discussion was Germany’s Pillar 2 of its cannabis model, and with it, how the shifting political landscape in Germany will presumably be impacted by the upcoming election.

“I am confident that the upcoming election will yield a coalition government, and I am moderately optimistic that while recreational legalization’s progress will likely be slowed, it will not be completely reversed.” Homberg explained to me.

“A lot is still unclear. Many statements being made right now from cannabis opponents are being made in an ‘election mode’ and will not necessarily become reality. I expect extreme positions to level out after the election.” Homberg went on to say.

When I asked Peter Homberg to weigh in on what it will take for EU-level agreements to be modernised to permit wider recreational cannabis reform, he was very adamant that data gathering is key.

“Gathering more data from commerce pilot trials demonstrating that regulation works is vital to convincing the European Commission and skeptical member nations that regulation is better than prohibition. Probably 2-4 years’ worth of data from markets like Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and others.” Peter Homberg explained.

“Medical cannabis is here to stay in Europe, and in my opinion, possesses the most potential for entrepreneurs and investors,” Homberg told me. “Medical cannabis has proven that it has its place in the pharmaceutical arena as time has gone on. There used to be a reluctance to accept that cannabis is medicine, however, it is now widely accepted that cannabis is medicine and truly helps suffering patients.”

“It is much more difficult to anticipate what will happen with the future of the recreational cannabis market due to several factors, both in Germany and throughout Europe. It will further develop, but at what rate and in which way is extremely difficult to predict.” Homberg said.

On behalf of the International Cannabis Business Conference team, I want to congratulate Peter Homberg on his new endeavor, and we look forward to what he does next in his career. You can see Peter Homberg present at upcoming International Cannabis Business Conference events and find out more about when and where he will appear at Internationalcbc.com.