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Ghana Engages With Morocco To Discuss Cannabis Policy Implementation

Ghana’s current cannabis industry regulatory body, the Management of the Narcotics Control Commission (NACOC), recently engaged Moroccan Ambassador Mrs. Imane Quaadill to discuss Ghana’s ongoing cannabis policy implementation.

The reported goal of the cannabis regulation-based discussion between the two African countries was to help Ghana regulators gain insight into best practices and strategies from Morocco’s experiences as a continental cannabis industry leader. The representatives also discussed ways that the two countries could boost partnerships.

“NACOC is committed to exploring opportunities that would build and enhance the capacities of our staff and share ideas.” stated Brigadier General Maxwell Obuba Mantey, Director-General of the NACOC, per the Ghana News Agency.

“Mrs. Quaadil said her office would also collaborate with the Moroccan anti-drug authorities to host some selected NACOC staff in September 2025 to study the procedures and successes in the implementation of cannabis regulations.” the news agency also wrote.

Ghana’s parliament approved the ‘Narcotics Control Commission Bill, 2023’ roughly two years ago. The measure tasked Ghana’s Ministry of Interior with issuing cannabis cultivation licenses.

In 2020, Ghana’s parliament passed a measure authorizing the production of low-THC cannabis for medical and research purposes. However, the nation’s Supreme Court later deemed the measure to be unconstitutional, and as a result, kept prohibition in place. The measure that was approved in 2023 in Ghana seemed to directly address the reported legal insufficiencies.

Ghana’s economy currently ranks 10th among African nations. However, it ranks 74th globally. The average salary in Ghana is roughly 60,340 GHS, which converts to about 5,292 USD. Needless to say, a robust, thriving medical cannabis industry would greatly benefit the citizens of Ghana via a boost in economic development and job creation.

The economic benefit to Ghana comes in addition to the therapeutic benefits that will be afforded to suffering patients under the approved law. As is the case in every country, Ghana is home to countless suffering patients who could benefit from cannabis therapies.

Introduction Of Cannabis Decriminalization Measure Expected In Poland

Medical cannabis policy modernization has spread across the European continent in recent decades, with most European nations now being home to some level of medical cannabis legalization, including medical cannabis commerce.

In more recent years, adult-use cannabis policy modernization efforts have picked up steam on the European continent. Malta became the first European nation to adopt a national adult-use legalization measure in 2021, followed by Luxembourg in 2023 and Germany in 2024.

Lawmakers in the Czech Republic also approved a national adult-use cannabis legalization measure earlier this month, although the historic law doesn’t take effect until January 1, 2026. Additionally, regional adult-use cannabis commerce pilot trials are underway in the Netherlands and Switzerland.

Another European country that is pushing for adult-use cannabis policy reform is Poland, where national lawmakers are expected to introduce a measure in September that would decriminalize personal cannabis activity by adults.

“A parliamentary bill on the decriminalization of marijuana will be submitted to the Sejm in September, RMF FM journalist Kacper Wróblewski has learned. Discussions are underway within parliamentary caucuses and efforts are underway to secure a majority to support the legislation, which is already in place, according to members of the parliamentary team responsible for drafting the bill.” reported RMF24 in its original reporting (translated from Polish to English).

“The draft is ready. Individual, minor issues may still emerge in the negotiations between coalition partners and clubs. For example, the permissible amount of dried herb or cannabis. The regulations will be released soon, says Civic Coalition MP Marcin Józefaciuk, a member of the parliamentary group for marijuana decriminalization.” the outlet also stated.

What constitutes cannabis legalization versus decriminalization differs in Europe compared to the United States. Oregon became the first state in the U.S. to adopt cannabis decriminalization in 1973, removing criminal penalties for personal cannabis possession of up to one ounce. Personal possession still resulted in a $1,000 fine in Oregon at the time. Oregon would later completely legalize cannabis possession in 2014, removing the fine.

Compare that to measures adopted in Europe, which are often described as ‘decriminalization.’ The removal of any penalty for adults possessing a personal amount of cannabis, such as what has now been adopted in multiple European countries, would technically be considered legalization in the United States. It demonstrates that there is some subjectivity in how adult-use cannabis policy modernization is categorized on both sides of the Atlantic.

Regardless of how the measure that is expected to be introduced in Poland in September is described, if it is approved, it will be a welcome change for the nation’s cannabis consumers, including medical patients who are having to navigate shifting regulations for obtaining medical cannabis patient approval.

At its peak in 2024, Poland’s approved medical cannabis patient base was roughly 90,000. However, changes in telemedicine regulations resulted in the patient numbers falling to about 33,000 by the end of the year, although they have since rebounded a bit in 2025.

Adult-Use Cannabis Policy Modernization Measure Introduced In Slovenia

Lawmakers in Slovenia are continuing their push to modernize the European nation’s cannabis policies, with a measure being recently introduced that would permit certain adult-use cannabis activity.

“We are implementing the will of the voters,” said Natasa Sukic, a member of parliament for the co-governing Left Party, this week in support of a bill introduced in parliament together with Prime Minister Robert Golob’s social-liberal Freedom Movement (GS), per original reporting by Salzburger Nachrichten. “According to analyses, cannabis is no more dangerous than other already legalized drugs—such as tobacco and alcohol.”

“The proposed bill on private cannabis consumption, which may be revised again after a public debate, is based – with some deviations – on the regulations in Luxembourg, Germany, and Malta.” the outlet also wrote.

Below are reportedly some of the components of the adult-use cannabis policy modernization proposal being considered in Slovenia:

  • Individual adults would be permitted to cultivate up to 4 cannabis plants in private residences, and a maximum of up to 6 plants in households where multiple adult residents live.
  • Adults would be allowed to possess up to 7 grams of cannabis when away from their residences.
  • Individual adults would be permitted to possess up to 150 grams of cannabis in their private residences, and a maximum of 300 grams in households where multiple adult residents live.
  • Gifting cannabis to other adults would be legal in certain circumstances.
  • Selling cannabis, driving under the influence, and public consumption would all remain prohibited.
  • A 3 ng/mL THC per se limit would be the minimum threshold for driving under the influence violations, and penalties would increase for violations involving 3-5 ng/mL test results and test results over 5 ng/mL.
  • Employers would be prohibited from testing their employees for cannabis use.

The recently introduced measure in Slovenia is just the beginning of the political process, and certain provisions may be changed if/when the proposal reaches its conclusion. The introduction of the adult-use cannabis policy modernization measure comes mere days after Slovenia’s National Assembly approved a historic medical cannabis measure.

Last year, Slovenia’s voters approved both a medical cannabis referendum measure and an adult-use referendum measure. The vote on medical cannabis received 66.71% approval from Slovenia’s voters, with the measure being approved in every voting district in the country. The only other vote that received that level of unified approval in the European country was Slovenia’s vote for independence.

Additionally, the adult-use measure received 51.57% approval from Slovenian voters. While neither referendum vote was legally binding, it is clear that Slovenia’s lawmakers have acknowledged the will of the nation’s voters, and that is encouraging.

Swiss Canton Continues To Block Cannabis Pilot Trial

Multiple jurisdictions in Switzerland are now home to research-based regional adult-use cannabis commerce pilot trials, in which a limited number of cannabis producers, retailers, and customers participate in limited regulated cannabis commerce.

Current European Union agreements prohibit national adult-use cannabis product sales within member nations, but EU agreements do permit cannabis research to be conducted, and pilot trials fall within that scope.

Despite the ongoing success of cannabis pilot trials in other jurisdictions in Switzerland, authorities in the canton of Valais have continued to block a pilot trial from launching there. Valais is estimated to have a population of roughly 350,000 people.

According to IG Hanf (Association of Hemp), there is no merit to the continued claims by authorities in Valais that there isn’t enough interest in the area for launching a pilot trial, and that the continued blocking of a pilot trial is “an obstacle to science.”

“Although 64% of Valais residents support a pilot project on THC-containing cannabis, the cantonal authorities continue to refuse to engage in dialogue. A research project compatible with federal law has been blocked for over three years.” the association stated on its website in a recent news release (translated from German to English).

The organization lists three benefits of launching a regional adult-use cannabis commerce pilot trial in Valais:

  • The project would have enabled a better understanding of the actual use, risks and impacts on public health in the Canton of Valais.
  • It would have created jobs in a legal, local and innovative sector.
  • It would have brought Valais and its interests back into the national debate on a drug policy based on facts and not on prejudice.

“The message from citizens is clear: they want responsible regulation, not ostrich-like policies. By even refusing to open a dialogue, the cantonal authorities are not only preventing controlled research but are also sending a contradictory message: they prefer repression to regulation, ideology to science. This is a political decision with serious consequences for prevention, transparency, and trust in institutions.” the organization stated.

“It’s clear that only cannabis regulation can curb dangerous excesses and effectively protect the health of consumers, especially young people,” says Benjamin Foro, board member and media spokesperson for IG Hanf. “It’s high time to end the outdated prohibition policy and find a pragmatic solution.”

The continued prevention of a pilot trial in Valais comes at a time when the pilot trial in Zurich is set to expand from 2,100 participants to 3,000. The regional adult-use cannabis commerce pilot project “Züri Can – Cannabis with Responsibility” was launched in 2023.

“Over 90 percent of participants now obtain their cannabis products from legal sources, i.e. from one of the three specialist stores or one of the nine pharmacies taking part.” Blue News previously reported about Zurich’s pilot trial.

Another jurisdiction in Switzerland participating in regional adult-use cannabis commerce pilot trials is Basel, where researchers are finding benefits to allowing adult-use commerce. The results of a previous study, which was the first academic reporting of its kind, were published on the University of Basel’s website in addition to being published in the academic journal Addiction.

“Public health-oriented recreational cannabis access may decrease cannabis use and cannabis-related harms, especially among those using other drugs.” the researchers of that study concluded.

“Furthermore, the study was able to dispel fears that legalization could exacerbate the psychopathological symptoms associated with cannabis consumption in addition to consumption itself: after the first six months, there was no difference between the two study groups in terms of depression, anxiety or other symptoms.” stated the University of Basel on its website.

“The interim assessment after two years of study shows a significant improvement in the mental state of the approximately 300 or so participants who are still taking part.” the University also wrote.

Earlier this year, Marijuana Moment reported that a government-commissioned report found that  Switzerland’s adult-use cannabis legalization pilot program is “running smoothly,” with “no indication of any disturbances to public order.”

“About two years after the pilot program launched in seven municipalities across the country, the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) study—carried out by the University of Lausanne and the University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland—generally determined that the initiative has been a success.” the outlet also reported.

German Cannabis Advocates Push Back On Harmful Amendment

Germany’s medical cannabis community is resiliant, as demonstrated by swift and largely united pushback from medical cannabis advocates against a recently published draft amendment to the country’s Medical Cannabis Act (MedCanG).

The changes are being proposed by Germany’s Ministry of Health despite the effectiveness and safety of telemedicine services. As drafted, the amendment would negatively impact safe access in Germany, and the nation’s most vulnerable medical cannabis patients would suffer as a result. The proposed changes contained within the draft amendment include:

  • Mandatory in-person doctor consultations
  • A ban on mail-order medical cannabis dispensing
  • Stricter rules for medical cannabis prescriptions

“Health Minister Warken sees mail-order sales and anonymous online prescriptions as a gateway for misuse, which is promoted by commercial platforms. However, the draft does not appear to have been agreed upon with the coalition partner, the SPD , yet . The industry is calling for differentiated solutions instead of blanket bans. Reputable providers are advocating for stricter standards in telemedicine, but against a complete ban on digital care. A mail-order ban would once again push patients onto the black market and overburden pharmacies and practices.” stated the German Cannabis Business Association (BvCW) in a recent newsletter (translated from German to English).

“Security of supply, for example through rare varieties or short-term availability, has so far been better ensured through digital processes. In light of the planned evaluation of the Cannabis Act in the fall, platforms and patient representatives are calling for a fact-based dialogue with politicians – otherwise, there is a risk of setbacks in patient care and the re-criminalization of many chronically ill people.” BvCW also wrote.

“Healthcare should never depend on your zip code or bank balance,” said David Barnan, Chief Marketing Officer at DoktorABC, in a press release. “We are watching with great concern as Germany moves toward a two-tier healthcare system. In major cities, those with money receive treatment, while patients in rural areas are left behind. The proposed restrictions on telemedicine prescribing of cannabis and mail-order sales of medicines would push tens of thousands of legitimate medical cannabis patients back to ineffective therapies—or, worse, into the unregulated market.”

“For many patients, a doctor’s visit can cost up to €100 out of pocket—and that doesn’t even include travel expenses, lost time from work, or the cost of caregivers,” Barnan also stated. “And most local pharmacies simply can’t stock the full range of cannabis flowers that doctors prescribe. Patients will be forced to travel from pharmacy to pharmacy just to find their medication. Smaller local stocks also keep prices high. Faced with rising costs and repeated supply shortages, many patients will forgo treatment—or turn to the black market, where there is no medical oversight.”

“Telemedicine is not a loophole—it’s a lifeline that lowers costs, expands access, and keeps patients in regulated care,” Barnan said.

“We call on legislators to protect digital consultation channels and ensure the shipping and delivery of legally prescribed medical cannabis from pharmacies. Where additional security measures are necessary, they should be specifically enhanced—but patients must not be cut off from effective, physician-assisted access.” states a petition started by DoktorABC on Change.org. As of the posting of this article, the petition has been signed by 17,289 people.

“Mail-order sales by German pharmacies should remain possible – especially with regard to chronically ill people who are limited in their mobility.” stated health politician Simone Borchardt (CDU), according to local reporting by Handelsblatt (translated from German to English). “If shipping from abroad is stopped while maintaining domestic shipping, we will strengthen the pharmacy landscape in Germany and improve care, especially in rural areas. A complete ban, however, goes too far.”

“For hundreds of thousands of people, medical cannabis is the only effective treatment. Nevertheless, due to concerns about abuse, centralized care channels such as telemedicine and mail-order delivery are being restricted – contrary to current healthcare practices and without consulting those affected.” states a separate petition launched by Grünhorn Group (translated from German to English). “A telemedicine ban would hurt the wrong people: the patients. The black market would profit.”

“Telemedicine access is to be severely limited, and the shipping of medical cannabis flowers by pharmacies is to be prohibited. This would likely result in at least halving the current market volume. This raises questions about the BMG’s motives.” pointed out krautinvest in a recent article.

“The high demand for online offerings is not the problem, but a symptom of a sick healthcare system that is failing to adequately fulfill its mandate. New hurdles do not lead to better standard care—instead, they lead to fewer options and longer journeys for those affected. A ban on flower shipping threatens conditions that are more restrictive than when cannabis was still a narcotic.” stated Stefan Konikowski, Board Member of Berliner Cannabis Hilfe eV (Berlin Cannabis Help Association).

“In the interest of patients, we demand that the market for medical cannabis, as well as related (tele)medical, pharmaceutical, and other care-related services, be sensibly regulated and controlled through existing laws. Particular consideration must be given to patient welfare, security of supply, and low-threshold access.” Stefan Konikowski also stated (translated from German to English).

Total Approved German Cultivation Associations Nears 300

The total number of approved adult-use cannabis cultivation associations in Germany continues to increase, with officials having approved nearly 300 applications so far. That total is up from a previously reported 234 approved applications as of mid-June 2025.

“One year after cannabis clubs were permitted, authorities have licensed 293 such associations, according to an investigation by the dpa news agency into the respective state authorities. The clubs are authorized to cultivate cannabis and distribute it to their members.” stated Zeit in its local reporting (translated from German to English).

“According to the German Press Agency (dpa), North Rhine-Westphalia leads the list with 83 approved cultivation associations, well ahead of Lower Saxony with 55.” the outlet also reported. “It is followed by Rhineland-Palatinate with 27 and Baden-Württemberg with 23 approved associations. Saarland is at the bottom of the list – no associations have been approved there yet. There are two approved associations in Bremen, three in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, six in Thuringia, and seven in Berlin.”

Starting on July 1st, 2024, adults in Germany can apply to launch a recreational cannabis cultivation association, sometimes referred to as ‘social clubs.’ The associations are member-based, and adults can join the associations and legally source their cannabis from them. It is worth noting that not all approved cultivation associations are operational, with many still in various stages of startup.

Cultivation associations are a key component of Germany’s legalization model. Whereas current European Union agreements still prohibit regulated national adult-use cannabis sales, such as what is occurring in Canada and Uruguay, EU agreements do permit cultivation associations. Malta’s legalization model also involves permitting cannabis cultivation associations.

One of the many ongoing German adult-use cannabis legalization evaluation projects being conducted is the Evaluation of the Consumer Cannabis Act (EKOCAN), led by project manager Dr. Jakob Manthey. Dr. Manthey recently announced some of EKOCAN’s preliminary findings, which included the determination that there aren’t enough cannabis cultivation associations in Germany.

The continued uptick in approved German adult-use cannabis cultivation association applications comes against continued calls by cannabis opponents in Germany to limit the use of medical cannabis telemedicine services.

A draft amendment to Germany’s Medical Cannabis Act (MedCanG) was recently released by Germany’s Ministry of Health and German Health Minister Nina Warken. The proposed changes contained within the draft amendment include:

  • Mandatory in-person doctor consultations
  • A ban on mail-order medical cannabis dispensing
  • Stricter rules for medical cannabis prescriptions

German medical cannabis telemedicine services help the nation’s most vulnerable patients, including rural patients who live far away from doctors, disabled patients who often cannot travel to complete in-person consultations, and low income patients who may be able-bodied and yet cannot afford to travel to a physical doctors office or pay extra for a doctor to travel to them for in-person consultations.

All of those limitations would also apply to the ongoing logistics of acquiring medical cannabis products for the suffering patients who can overcome the arbitrary additional hurdles and gain initial approval from a doctor.

There is still time for medical cannabis advocates to prevent the drastic changes from gaining final approval, which was touched on by leading German cannabis policy expert attorney Peter Homberg of gunnercooke in a recent interview with krautinvest (I encourage everyone to read the interview on krautinvest.de in its entirety).

“I can’t imagine this draft bill being passed in its current form. In my view, it represents the Federal Ministry of Health’s maximum demands, which go far beyond the actual goal.” Peter Homberg said (translated from German to English) in the interview in response to krautinvest’s question, “In your opinion, how realistic is it that these changes will be implemented?”

Mr. Homberg would go on to explain that some changes to Germany’s medical cannabis rules and regulations will likely occur, but not everything that is being proposed in the recently released draft amendment.

“I can imagine that the SPD, as part of the coalition, will work quite hard to prevent this law from being implemented in this form. After all, its contents are counterproductive to what the government implemented during the last legislative period: comprehensive patient care with high-quality cannabis products from pharmacies.” Mr. Homberg also stated in the interview.

Lebanon Agriculture Minister Touts Economic Benefits Of Regulated Cannabis

Lebanon may not be the first country that people think of when it comes to the emerging legal cannabis and hemp industries. However, there is a concerted push underway to ramp up the nation’s legal industries, and that push is largely being led by the nation’s leaders.

“Prime Minister Nawaf Salam on Wednesday sponsored a conference at the Grand Serail on legal cannabis cultivation, reaffirming the government’s push to activate Lebanon’s law allowing medical and industrial use.” reported LBC International in its local reporting.

“In his opening remarks, Agriculture Minister Nizar Hani framed the initiative as a turning point in Lebanon’s approach to agriculture and economic development.” the outlet also reported in its original coverage.

Agriculture Minister Hani reportedly described developing the nation’s medical and industrial hemp industries as being “a national responsibility” and that the emerging sectors are “promising” if they can be developed sufficiently.

Lebanon’s Prime Minister estimates that an established medical and industrial hemp industry could develop into a $1 billion market and create a significant number of jobs in the process. He pointed to the Bekaa Valley as an example that could particularly benefit from a developed industry.

A 2019 report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimated that Lebanon was the third largest source for ‘cannabis resin’ worldwide, only behind Morocco and Afghanistan. UNODC estimated that roughly 6% of all the cannabis resin on earth originates in Lebanon.

Two historical measures largely govern cannabis activity in Lebanon. The first came in 1998, when Lebanon passed law 673/1998, which criminalized the use of illicit drugs and scheduled cannabis as a “very dangerous substance with no medical use.”

The second occurred in 2020, when Lebanon became the first country in the region to somewhat liberalize its cannabis policies by permitting limited cannabis farming. As time has gone on, the measure approved in 2020 has proven to be largely symbolic, with the nation’s cabinet refraining from implementing decrees to establish a regulatory authority.

“In April 2020, after decades of discussions and controversy, the Lebanese parliament voted a law legalizing the cultivation, production, and sale of cannabis for medicinal purposes. Although the law leaves several unanswered questions and awaits implementation, the symbolic nature of this step in recognizing a positive role of cannabis in the local economy is significant on a regional level.” wrote a team of researchers affiliated with various health and academic institutions based in Lebanon.

“The social experiment taking place in Lebanon is fraught with risks, given the unstable political situation and chronic economic challenges. The reactions to the law have been mixed with several scientific bodies such as the Lebanese Psychiatric Society criticizing the absence of proper consultation of stakeholders.” the researchers also wrote.

Legal Cannabis Sales Could Add $10 Billion To Victoria’s Economy

If Victoria, a state in southeast Australia, were to allow a regulated adult-use cannabis industry to operate within its borders, the jurisdiction could witness a boost of as much as $10 billion in gross state product over the next decade.

The projection is part of an economic analysis commissioned by the Penington Institute. The economic analysis also found that a regulated recreational cannabis industry in Victoria could create as many as 17,000 new jobs and generate $2 billion for the government’s public coffers via taxed sales and industry fees.

“These figures were based on a scenario in which Victoria implemented a comprehensive regulatory model developed by the Penington Institute.” reported Cannabiz in its original coverage of the analysis. “The plan outlined 21 control measures, including bans on underage access, advertising and public use, and a licensing system covering cultivation, manufacturing and retail.”

“Penington Institute chief executive John Ryan said the data demonstrated the scale of the economic opportunity, which was currently being occupied by a billion-dollar illegal market.” the outlet also reported.

The recreational-focused analysis was published against a backdrop in which opponents inside and outside of Australia’s government are pushing for stiffer medical cannabis industry regulations. Australia legalized medical cannabis in 2016.

“Given the increasing numbers of Australian using medical cannabis and an increase observed in poor prescribing practices, Ahpra and the National Boards last week released updated guidance to help practitioners meet their obligations. This follows the AMA calling on health ministers to address the issue, in part by providing adequate resources to Ahpra and the National Boards.” reported Hemp Gazette about recently shifting medical cannabis regulations in Australia.

“The AMA is also calling for stricter enforcement to stop medicinal cannabis companies from exploiting special access schemes and avoiding listing products on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG). The ARTG  lists all therapeutic goods that are legally allowed to be supplied in or exported from Australia; including medicines, medical devices, and other therapeutic products.” the outlet also reported.

Australia is on pace for over 200,000 medical cannabis approvals by the end of the year. Last year, Australian doctors issued about 178k approvals by comparison. Australia’s medical cannabis industry imported over 42,000 kilos of medical cannabis products in 2023 alone.

Czech President Officially Signs Cannabis Legalization Measure

It’s official – Czech Republic President Petr Pavel signed the nation’s historic cannabis legalization measure into law earlier this week. The measure, which will permit adults over the age of 21 to cultivate, possess, and consume cannabis, will take effect on January 1st, 2026.

On May 30th, Czechia’s Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic approved the adult-use cannabis legalization measure. The European nation’s Senate then approved the measure a little over two weeks ago, sending it to the president’s desk for his signature.

Starting next year, Czech adults over the age of 21 can cultivate up to three plants in their private residences. Additionally, they can possess up to 100 grams of cannabis in private, and up to 25 grams in public spaces. Public consumption will remain prohibited.

“The reform distinguishes between cannabis possession and more serious drug offenses. Possession of four to five plants is considered a misdemeanor, while possession of more than 200 grams or cultivation of more than five plants remains punishable.” stated Cannabis Industrie in its original reporting (translated to English).

“A notable change is that possessing cannabis for another person, provided it’s within the permitted quantities, is no longer a criminal offense. The Czech government is pursuing a more realistic and less punitive drug policy.” the outlet also reported.

The Czech Republic is now set to implement a national adult-use cannabis legalization measure, joining Uruguay, Canada, Malta, Luxembourg, Germany, and South Africa in doing so. Regional adult-use cannabis commerce pilot trials are operating in the Netherlands and Switzerland, although recreational cannabis remains prohibited at the national level in those nations.

Unfortunately, current European Union agreements continue to prohibit national recreational cannabis sales, such as what is occurring in Uruguay and Canada, and will eventually occur in South Africa. Pilot trials and cultivation associations are permitted in EU member nations. However, there are currently no plans for pilot trials or associations in the Czech Republic.