Tag: Germany

A Lübeck appeals court has exonerated a father and son of possession on the basis of “emergency” treatment. The case may help other German patients beat criminal charges

On the last day of May, a regional appeals court in Lübeck (in the north of Germany) published what might yet become a bellwether cannabis case. As a result, it will also be important to patients across the country for at least the next 18 months until recreational cannabis reform actually kicks in. Namely, the court found that both a father who sourced hundreds of grams for his seriously ill son and the son were innocent of violations of the German Narcotics Act.

In doing so, the court annulled a District Court ruling which held that the two defendants were guilty of six counts of possessing large amounts of narcotics. The pair faced large fines.

The regional court acquitted both men because the possession of cannabis was justified under German law as an “emergency.” Namely, the son suffers from painful spasticity, the amount prescribed for the same was not sufficient to properly treat the symptoms, and the father obtained cannabis for his son to fill the gap.

What makes this case stand out is that the son needed six to seven grams of cannabis a day to properly treat symptoms (which is on the higher end of reimbursement, to begin with). Beyond this, the court also recognized that health insurance companies are increasingly stringent with cannabis approvals, even when justified.

In this case, the court ruled that any criminal penalties otherwise justified are overridden by a critical and unfilled medical need.

A Terrible Predicament

While recreational cannabis reform is clearly moving in Germany, the reality is that it cannot move fast enough for those who are, like the defendant and his caregiver in this case, chronically ill but still not covered by public healthcare. Such patients are directly in the line of fire – which has not been averted yet – by a government that recognizes that recreational reform must happen soon and medical reform is now five years old.

It is bad enough that casual recreational users are still directly in the line of federal drug charges. But for a country where medical use is theoretically legal, there needs to be an amnesty issued soon to protect those who may yet be unfortunate enough to be charged.

This case, as a result, may well show up in the defense of literally hundreds if not thousands of patients whose cases are still pending before full reform becomes the law of the land.

The several weeks-long hearing process has now come to an end. These are the takeaway high points

The hearings on the legalization of recreational cannabis are now a thing of the past. Announced in early June, they have now taken place and some clarity about the direction and timing of the German rec market is now emerging.

The first, most important takeaway is that Health Minister Karl Lauterbach and the Federal Drug Commissioner Burkhard Blienert (who will also keynote the International Cannabis Business Conference in Berlin in just a few weeks) have committed to making recreational cannabis a reality.

The importance of this commitment cannot be understated. Unlike US politics, the German federal government is more consensus-oriented. If two major leaders announce an initiative, chances are it will happen (although of course it does not always – see previous Health Minister Jens Spahn’s many pronouncements about the digitalization of healthcare). That said, Lauterbach also mentioned again that he had undergone a change in perspective about legalization unlike his counterparts in the Green and FDP parties – both of whom have been pro-legalization for quite some time now.

“The risks of the current situation are greater than the legal levy,” he said. “The coordinates have shifted in favour of legalization.” Blienart went a bit further than his boss. According to him, what is about to occur is a “paradigm shift” on the topic of cannabis.

For these reasons alone, the signs are here that what these two men have now pronounced will in fact occur.

The Timetable of Change

By autumn, according to Lauterbach, an overview paper discussing key points of the hearings (which were heard from 200 experts across a range of topics) will be released publicly. This in turn will lead to the drafting of the law to legalize recreational use. The actual debate and presumed passage of the bill have now been pushed back to the beginning of 2023. This means it is unlikely that an actual market will begin here before the beginning of 2024.

The intent, just like it was on the medical plunge, is to make this a four-year experiment that will be re-evaluated after the first period is over.

Other Key Takeaways

Industry sources have consistently spoken up about the need for a tax levy that allows legal cannabis to be price competitive with its black-market counterpart. There have been some discussions on how to manage the potency of product. One way that would not create regulatory but rather market control of price and potency would be to increase the price (and applicable tax) for products with a higher level of THC. This presumably also leaves the door open to a conversation beyond flower that moves quickly into both concentrates and edibles).

Beyond this, advertising is likely to be a part of the mix. A complete ban on the same will make it hard for the market to establish itself – and therefore is probably unlikely. This is especially true as German pharmacies, including cannabis specialty pharmacies, do not seem to want to be on the front lines of the rec experiment, unlike Switzerland.

Online sales are also likely to be verboten – at least at first.
Stay tuned. The results of the paper when published will have far more concrete suggestions as well as predict more accurately what will be both in (and out) of the now pending and absolutely historic law to make Germany, the world’s fourth-largest economy, a green and cannabis-friendly place.

The government has budgeted ten new positions to oversee the legalization of cannabis

If there is a “sure thing” in the world of German politics, it is when budgets are involved in pending policy. That is why, given all such signs this spring, cannabis legalization is pretty much assured – even if the details are not.

Earlier this spring, the Bundestag budget committee threatened the Ministry of Health that it would withhold its PR budget if a passable bill were not introduced by this summer. Now it appears there is even more movement on the fiscal side of things. Namely, during federal budget discussions, ten positions have been funded to oversee the process of legalization. Two are within BfArM – the medicines and medical devices agency that currently oversees the medical market – and eight are within the Ministry of Health.

In doing so, Germany seems to be taking a page out of the Canadian model to date. Currently the government’s “Cannabis Agency” is located within BfArM. However, this agency is an “independent authority” within the Ministry of Health’s “portfolio.” The Cannabis Agency was set up in 2017 as the government authorized the cultivation of medical cannabis domestically and then launched a tender bid for licenses for the same.

The process was also an almost complete disaster. The issued bid was for a tender that was too small for demand, and lawsuits dragged the selection process out for almost two years.

At least this time, the government is not making noises about excluding German citizens and firms from the process.

What To Expect

While details so far have been missing in action, there are a few developments which seem assured. The first is that private dispensaries will be licensed – and the people who run them trained in basic narcotics handling techniques. Whether dispensary employees will have to go through some kind of pharmacy training does not seem so outlandish.

The second thing to expect is that this process is going to be highly bureaucratic – and if the medical tender was any indication – may end up in court. There are several reasons for this, starting with the possibility that the first domestic cultivators and distributors for the recreational market will be drawn from the ranks of those who already have licenses.

If this is the case, there is also every possibility that the entire process will be sued again – starting with challenges under anti-monopoly legislation.

Regardless, there is perhaps one sure thing in all of this. Expect the unexpected. More developments soon.